Pediatric Health: The Rise in Type 2 Diabetes in Children

Written By: Laila Ibrahim and Sahannah Seemungal

Sugary treats have played a crucial part in everyone's childhood. From cotton candy to ice cream and cake, sweets have always been a source of happiness for children and adults. However, now more than ever, adolescent diabetes has been on the rise. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), by 2060, Type 2 diabetes is projected to increase between seventy and seven hundred percent. While these numbers are only estimated projections based on current data, they are alarmingly high. It’s crucial to recognize this growing issue and make efforts to protect the health of our children. 

Diabetes is a chronic and lifelong condition that is characterized by high blood glucose levels. It develops in the pancreas when the body fails to make enough insulin, or in some cases produces none at all. Insulin is the hormone responsible for regulating blood sugar by transporting glucose from the bloodstream into the cells, where it is used for energy. There are many types of diabetes, with the most common being Type 1 and 2, Prediabetes, and Gestational diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease where the body doesn't produce insulin, requiring lifelong insulin therapy, while Type 2 diabetes is characterized by the body becoming resistant to insulin, leading to high blood sugar and often managed with lifestyle changes and medication. Prediabetes is a precursor to Type 2 diabetes, with blood sugar levels higher than normal but not yet high enough for an official diagnosis. Lastly, Gestational diabetes is a temporary condition that occurs during pregnancy, causing high blood sugar levels that usually resolve after birth.

In the United States, approximately 11% of the population is affected by diabetes (Cleveland Clinic), and this number is expected to rise, especially in children. Some telltale signs to look out for are: increased thirst and hunger, constant urination, random weight loss, blurred vision, and fatigue. However, for children, these things may be harder to notice. Other warning signs can include slow-healing wounds, areas of darkened skin (often near the neck or armpit), and fruity-smelling breath. 

Candy and desserts bring color and excitement to childhood. Whether it’s clever marketing or simply the way sugar activates dopamine, the “feel-good” hormone, kids naturally crave it. Enjoying sweets is perfectly fine! However, moderation is key. 

There are a few steps parents and caregivers can take to reduce the risk of diabetes in their children, specifically Type 2. The first and most crucial aspect to take into consideration is dietary habits. Everyone, especially developing children, should have a well-balanced diet. MyPlate, is a great way to understand which food groups should be incorporated into everyday meals. On a simpler note, children should be eating leafy greens and fruits. Another important step is ensuring that children get adequate physical exercise. Whether it is dancing, soccer, or walking, any form of physical activity can aid in weight regulation and improve long-term health. Finally, don’t skip regular doctor visits as early checkups can catch problems before they escalate.

This is not to say that children must cut out sugar completely. A lollipop, ice cream cone, or even a slice of cake won’t cause diabetes. Unhealthy lifestyle choices, including consistent intake of sugary treats, lack of a balanced diet, and insufficient regular physical activity can dramatically increase the risk of Type 2 diabetes. If parents notice their child consuming large amounts of sugar, simple swaps such as trading soda for fruit-infused water or candy for fresh berries, can make a big difference. Children should still enjoy desserts, but they also need nutritious meals, active lifestyles, and routine medical care. Ultimately, moderation is essential-–kids can still savor their favorite sweets, as long as they are balanced with healthy habits.

References:

Whiteman, Honor. “Diabetes in Children and  Www.medicalnewstoday.com, 25 Apr. 2023, www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/284974.

CDC. “Diabetes in Young People Is on the Rise.” Diabetes, 15 May 2024, www.cdc.gov/diabetes/data-research/research/young-people-diabetes-on-rise.html.

Mayo Clinic. “Type 1 Diabetes in Children - Symptoms and Causes.” Mayo Clinic, 2 Sept. 2023, www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/type-1-diabetes-in-children/symptoms-causes/syc-20355306.

Cleveland Clinic. “Diabetes.” Cleveland Clinic, 17 Feb. 2023, my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/7104-diabetes.