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Written By: Laila Ibrahim and Mariam Shahzad
When hearing the word addiction, what first comes to mind? Gambling, drugs, alcohol? Though those are the most common addictions, it’s important for us to understand the types of addictions, and the behaviors associated with them.
There are two main forms of addiction, including substance use disorders and behavioral disorders (Cleveland Clinic). Addiction is a disease. It affects a person’s behavior and cognitive function. There are a variety of addictions that can impact an individual. Those being gambling, drugs, alcohol, food, social media and gaming. Though addiction can affect anyone, those with certain underlying conditions are at most risk. For example, individuals dealing with mental health conditions, including depression, anxiety, or ADHD, may be more prone to abuse drugs (including ones that are prescribed). Furthermore, the risk of addiction can vary by drug (Mayoclinic). There are such things as “gateway drugs”, which simply means a habit-forming drug that can lead to the use and abuse of other (more addictive drugs), some of these drugs include: marjuanna, alcohol, nicotine, stimulant medication (ADHD), painkillers (opioids), and anabolic steroids.
But, how does addiction work?
The Brain, as always, plays a significant role in addiction. Drugs deliver a strong stimulant to a region of the brain called “nucleus accumbens” (cluster of nerves), once consumed. Those nerve clusters respond quickly by releasing dopamine. Dopamine is usually called the “happy hormone.” The “happy feeling” caused by dopamine, usually causes a repetition of these behaviors, eventually leading to an addiction.
Addiction is not to be taken lightly. It can destroy families, friendships, relationships, and lives. Addictions can be fatal. It’s imperative to recognize the symptoms of addiction. Here are some signs to look out for:
Having a feeling that you need to do the drug/activity regularly
Intense urges to do the drug/activity
Failing to keep up with day-to-day responsibilities
Doing abnormal things to acquire the drug (or do the activity)
Failing in your attempts to put an end to the addiction
Doing risky activities while under the influence
Experiencing severe withdrawal symptoms
Many individuals benefit from therapy and rehabilitation programs that can rebuild self-worth and trust. Family involvement, or any involvement from loved ones, plays a crucial role in helping people stay motivated and accountable. Remember that rehabilitation is not something that can be forced onto those who need it. Though it may be painful to witness a loved one suffering from this illness, the desire to change must come from within that individual. However, support is the best thing that can be offered to that individual. Once a suffering addict recognizes there is love and support around them, they will be inclined to seek the help they need and deserve. Ultimately, understanding addictions is the first step in destigmatizing them. Addiction is much deeper than an abuse of substances, activities, or overall behaviors. It’s an illness that requires validation, attention, and understanding. By educating ourselves on this topic, and supporting those who may be struggling, we can foster an environment of empathy instead of harsh judgment.
References:
Cleveland Clinic. “Addiction.” Cleveland Clinic, 16 Mar. 2023, https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/6407-addiction.
“Understanding Addiction: Truth, Treatment, and Hope.” Deconstructingstigma.Org, 20 May 2025, https://deconstructingstigma.org/guides/addiction.
Mayo Clinic. “Drug Addiction (Substance Use Disorder) - Symptoms and Causes.” Mayo Clinic, 2022, https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/drug-addiction/symptoms-causes/syc-20365112.
“Addiction and the Brain.” Psychology Today, 2026, https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/addiction/addiction-and-the-brain?msockid=1615709a469960661c49631b47fe615b.
